JSON Web Token (JWT) 与基于 Spring 的 SockJS STOMP Web Socket

JS

使用JSON Web Token (JWT)和基于Spring的SockJS/STOMP WebSocket来实现安全的实时通信

引言：

在现代Web应用程序中，实时通信变得越来越重要。为了实现实时通信，WebSocket被广泛使用。而为了保证通信的安全性，JSON Web Token (JWT)是一种常用的身份验证和授权机制。本文将介绍如何使用JWT和基于Spring的SockJS/STOMP WebSocket来实现安全的实时通信。

I. 什么是JSON Web Token (JWT)

JSON Web Token (JWT)是一种用于身份验证和授权的开放标准（RFC 7519）。它由三部分组成：头部（header）、载荷（payload）和签名（signature）。头部包含了加密算法和令牌类型等信息，载荷包含了要传输的数据，签名用于验证令牌的真实性。

II. 什么是SockJS/STOMP WebSocket

SockJS是一个JavaScript库，它提供了对WebSocket的抽象，使得在不支持WebSocket的浏览器上也可以使用类似WebSocket的实时通信功能。STOMP（Simple Text Oriented Messaging Protocol）是一种在Web应用程序之间进行异步消息传输的协议。Spring框架提供了对SockJS和STOMP的支持，使得在Spring应用程序中可以方便地使用WebSocket进行实时通信。

III. 使用JWT保护WebSocket通信

为了保护WebSocket通信，我们可以使用JWT进行身份验证和授权。下面是一个使用Spring Security和JWT的示例代码：

首先，添加JWT依赖到项目的pom.XML文件中：

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.JSonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>

然后，创建一个JWT工具类来生成和验证JWT令牌：

Java
import io.JSonwebtoken.ClAIms;
import io.JSonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.JSonwebtoken.SignatureALGorithm;
import org.Springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.Springframework.stereotype.Component;
import Java.util.Date;
import Java.util.HashMap;
import Java.util.Map;
@Component
public class JwtUtils {
    @Value("${jwt.secret}")
    private String secret;
    @Value("${jwt.expiration}")
    private int expiration;
    public String generateToken(String username) {
        Date now = new Date();
        Date expiryDate = new Date(now.getTime() + expiration * 1000);
        Map<String, Object> clAIms = new HashMap<>();
        clAIms.put("sub", username);
        return Jwts.builder()
                .setclAIms(clAIms)
                .setIssuedAt(now)
                .setExpiration(expiryDate)
                .signWith(SignatureALGorithm.HS512, secret)
                .compact();
    }
    public String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {
        ClAIms clAIms = Jwts.parser()
                .setSigningKey(secret)
                .parseClAImsJws(token)
                .getBody();
        return clAIms.getSubject();
    }
    public boolean validateToken(String token) {
        try {
            Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClAImsJws(token);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

接下来，创建一个WebSocket拦截器来验证JWT令牌：

Java
import org.Springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.Springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.Springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.Springframework.messaging.MessageChannel;
import org.Springframework.messaging.simp.stomp.StompCommand;
import org.Springframework.messaging.simp.stomp.StompHeaderAccessor;
import org.Springframework.messaging.support.ChannelInterceptor;
import org.Springframework.messaging.support.MessageHeaderAccessor;
import org.Springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.Springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.Springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class JwtWebSocketInterceptor implements ChannelInterceptor {
    @Autowired
    private JwtUtils jwtUtils;
    @Override
    public Message<?> preSend(Message<?> message, MessageChannel channel) {
        StompHeaderAccessor accessor = MessageHeaderAccessor.getAccessor(message, StompHeaderAccessor.class);
        if (StompCommand.CONNECT.equals(accessor.getcommand())) {
            String token = accessor.getFirstNativeHeader(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION);
            if (token != null && token.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
                token = token.substring(7);
                if (jwtUtils.validateToken(token)) {
                    String username = jwtUtils.getUsernameFromToken(token);
                    Authentication authentication = new JwtAuthenticationToken(username);
                    SecurityContextHolder.getcontext().setAuthentication(authentication);
                    accessor.setUser(authentication);
                }
            }
        }
        return message;
    }
}

最后，配置Spring Security以使用JWT和WebSocket拦截器：

Java
import org.Springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.Springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.Springframework.messaging.simp.config.MessageBrokerRegistry;
import org.Springframework.security.config.annotation.web.messaging.MessageSecurityMetadataSourceRegistry;
import org.Springframework.security.config.annotation.web.socket.ABStractSecurityWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer;
import org.Springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocketMessageBroker;
import org.Springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.StompEndpointRegistry;
@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketconfig extends ABStractSecurityWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {
    @Autowired
    private JwtWebSocketInterceptor jwtWebSocketInterceptor;
    @Override
    protected void configureInbound(MessageSecurityMetadataSourceRegistry messages) {
        messages.simpDestMatchers("/topic/**").authenticated();
    }
    @Override
    protected void configureStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {
        registry.addEndpoint("/websocket")
                .setAllowedOrigins("*")
                .withSockJS();
    }
    @Override
    public void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry registry) {
        registry.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes("/app")
                .enableSimpleBroker("/topic");
    }
    @Override
    protected boolean sameOriginDisabled() {
        return true;
    }
    @Override
    protected boolean isCsrfProtectionEnabled() {
        return false;
    }
    @Override
    protected void customizeClientInboundChannel(ChannelRegistration registration) {
        registration.interceptors(jwtWebSocketInterceptor);
    }
}

IV.

通过使用JSON Web Token (JWT)和基于Spring的SockJS/STOMP WebSocket，我们可以实现安全的实时通信。JWT用于身份验证和授权，而SockJS/STOMP WebSocket提供了实时通信的功能。通过将JWT令牌和WebSocket拦截器结合我们可以保护WebSocket通信的安全性。

使用JSON Web Token (JWT)保护WebSocket通信的示例代码：

Java
// JWT工具类
import io.JSonwebtoken.ClAIms;
import io.JSonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.JSonwebtoken.SignatureALGorithm;
import org.Springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.Springframework.stereotype.Component;
import Java.util.Date;
import Java.util.HashMap;
import Java.util.Map;
@Component
public class JwtUtils {
    // 省略代码
}
// WebSocket拦截器
import org.Springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.Springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.Springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.Springframework.messaging.MessageChannel;
import org.Springframework.messaging.simp.stomp.StompCommand;
import org.Springframework.messaging.simp.stomp.StompHeaderAccessor;
import org.Springframework.messaging.support.ChannelInterceptor;
import org.Springframework.messaging.support.MessageHeaderAccessor;
import org.Springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.Springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.Springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class JwtWebSocketInterceptor implements ChannelInterceptor {
    // 省略代码
}
// WebSocket配置
import org.Springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.Springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.Springframework.messaging.simp.config.MessageBrokerRegistry;
import org.Springframework.security.config.annotation.web.messaging.MessageSecurityMetadataSourceRegistry;
import org.Springframework.security.config.annotation.web.socket.ABStractSecurityWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer;
import org.Springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocketMessageBroker;
import org.Springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.StompEndpointRegistry;
@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketconfig extends ABStractSecurityWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {
    // 省略代码
}

参考资料：

1. JSON Web Token (JWT)官方网站：https://jwt.io/

2. SockJS官方网站：https://github.com/sockJS/sockJS-client

3. STOMP官方网站：https://stomp.github.io/

4. Spring官方网站：https://Spring.io/

5. Spring Security官方网站：https://Spring.io/projects/Spring-security